They are examples of positive displacement appliances. Which implies that when the air pressure is lowered, its volume is increased. In this case, the successive air volumes that are confined within a closed area and and elevating this air to a higher pressure by lowering its volume. This is made possible by a piston inside a cylinder, which act as the displacing and compressing element.
There are two types of these tools. They include single stage and two stage appliances. Single stage are mainly used for pressures that range between 70 psi and 100psi respectively. On the other hand, two stage are basically used for higher pressures that go up to 250 psi. Reciprocating types are considered as single acting, especially when the compressing is achieved using a single side of the piston. But if the compressor uses two sides of the piston, then it is regarded as double acting.
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